Luyện tập một số dạng đề thi ielts reading 2

Vocabulary

1, Congestion 

2, Smog

3, Development

4, Developing

5, Commuter

6, Toll

7, Rush hour

8, Off-peak

a, Air pollution in a city that is a mixture of smoke, gases and chemicals

b, Situation when something is full or blocked, especially with traffic 

c, Describes a country oe ares os the world which is poorer and has less-advanced industries

d, Describes a country with an advanced level of technology, industry, etc.

e, Money that you pay to use a bridge, road, ets.

f, Not at the most popular and exxpensive time

h, The time when a lot of people are travelling to or froom work and so roads and trains are very busy

Traffic jams – no end in sight

There are no easy answers to the problems of traffic congestion.

A 

   Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the US, commuters spend an average of a working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

B

   The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.

C

   Another way to reduce rush – hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off – peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more car of the road altogether.

D  

   Some urban planner still believes that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to be more roads, especially more roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the roads; they only accommodate more of them.

E

   Other, more forward – thinking, planners know that more and more drives and cars taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some 7 billion dollars on helping to increase capacity on public -  transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies, but environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared to the 50 billion dollars being sent on roads and bridges.

List of headings

i  A solution which is no solution

ii Changing worhing practices

iii Closing city centres to traffic

iv Making cars more environmantally friendly

v Not doing enough

vi Paying to get in

vii A global problem